????(é??÷????ó??????ú?????ü???ˇ?????ń?-?é???ú?¨)
??????1936??10??19???????????????-70?ü??á???
??????????????éú???ú????×??í???ú?????ú??????????íé?????ú??ó?????????íá???ú????á?????′?í????ú???????????????ú?ńáó???????ú?????????ü???????ěě?????×?????????ˇ′??˙˙?a????????ó????????ú???í??????ˇ?×ó??éń????????????
??????????é??á??ó°?ě??×?′ó?????ň???ú???ú?????????????ó??70??????????×÷?ě???÷á?×?????????ó°?ěá???′ú???ú????ě????????ú????????éń???????°?í′??°????
????????ó?í???′ú???ú????′ú?íá?????????ˇ?×óá?????í???á????í??????????????í????ń???????ú???éá???í??ˇ????ó°?ě???y??????????????ó????????ú???????ń????ě???éú?????????????ň??ˇ???ě??????ú???????§á?????ˇ????ú????í??????????a???????á?í???ú?°????′ú???????ú?ě??×???÷?á????ň×ó??????ó??ú?????????????????????ň?í???ú?ń??éń???ü????í????????????y???ě??????
????70???ó???ń??á?′?
????????70?????a?????????a?á?????ó?á???????y?????é????×??°??×÷?ˇ????ó??-?ú?á??
???????úü??????????ú?¨???é????????????8???????°í????????????ě???????ó???ü????????38????????á???×ó?????????Y??á??′é???ó??????????°????????
?????a??éü????ě???????×ó?????ň?×?????ě??í??°?????í?????????ó??éü????????á???ěě?????y????′?ó??í????????????éú????????′í????á??????í×???ó??????áá??ü???é??°ü?¨????éü??????′?????
?????°éü??????????×???°Y?ě????????????á???????????′y??????éü??ě?????á?????
?????°??????????????á????????°??×′????×ü?á???a??ó?????????????????????′???2003?????°????????30???????ó????60?????ń??8??????ó?????á?80????
?????????????????ě???????ó??????5????í????????ó????5?????°éü??????81????????áúíˇ???′éü????ó?????????á??′???????ó??????????ˇ?????????á?????
?????ó??éü??
????éü???????????¤????????18????????éü?????????ú???????ó??????′??′á??????÷?????????í??????
????????á????????üá????????????ó?????????????′????á????ú???ó×??????ń?ˇ????ěě??ó???ó?′ó°íí????ú???????a?ú?°á?????????????
????ó???ó??í???′?ó?§?????¨á??a?′???????′?a?′???????÷??????á?ˇ????ü??ó??í??????ó??????a?????????ü????????á??a????????á??-???′??ó?ó??í°??ě?????????°???×?????ń??×÷?????′??????
?????úéü?????????é??×???????×÷?ˇ?????ü???????ě??°??¤????íáě??ú????????é?íáě??ú?????éá?é??′???????????¨?é?Y˙˙????×?ó??????yóú?×???????úéü?????????×?????°′ú????á?17??éě?ˇ??′ó????ˇ?×°?????ó?ú?ˇ??
?????Yí?????????×÷?ˇ?????°ó?45????????????????×???éě?????????????????ě???????????é?¤???ě????í????-ó?ˇ??§?á???í??????ó????????????ˇ?ó?¤??
?????é?′????????????????????????á??a??ˇ?????é?á????°?áé?????′???á????????-???????????á???????????ü??°Y??????????á?????
?????°?úéü??ó?????ˇ¨??????(???ó)????óú??????????????á??a???¨???′?′?′???????úéü?????y??á?×?????ěa????????°?ó??í′ó????????ˇ?á÷????′????????úéü???????í???Y???Y?¤?ě???¨??????????80??′ú?í90??′ú???????′???????????ó???????ú30íň??′?×óó??????ú????????100íň??′???
?????°?Y?????ě??′ó???yó??í???????????-?????°éú????????ě??í??????á??????ě???¨????
?????-???ú?á??????
?????ú????????????′°?ú?°???????′×????-′????§????????×ó?′á??′??????ó???óě?????y????????????ó??óé??ě??′ó????′ó???ě???é????ó????????????°???yá???′ó°??Y?°???y???é?Y?ˇ??é??ˇ?ˇ????ó?éú???¤?????????????????????????????????????????????a?????????????′éü?????y?????????????′?′??????????ˇ?×ó?????????ó????????????????ר?ě????????
????éň??????é??????????§???????§é???é??¤???????????????????°???×?ü????ˇ???°??ú????°??????????ú?a′????????§é????????áé????§éú???y?????????????????á?????°??′ó°??Y?°???y???é?Y?ˇ?????????ü???¨???????°°??ú??°???????????????
???????ú???ń??????×???°???×÷????????????ó????????????????ü??????????×÷?ˇ???????§???????yá?×?????×÷??(???Y?÷???ě????í??????ú16?á20????)??????????í????a???????ú??é????yá????Y???ú?§éú??ó??????úá?????ó???????ó?á??????????????????????ü?÷????
????é??????????§ó????ě??×é×é?¤??íň???????????????§éúó?????????éú??????á????§éú?????ú??×÷?????-???????ú?a?????????üˇń′ň?????????????????????????é?-?a??×÷????
?????úé??????????§??′ó?ń??5????10????ó?????ó??????????§???í????á?10?????????Y?§???????ééü???????????????°??á?ˇ????§éú???ˇ???????????§éú?§?á×?????×???????′ó?′????????
?????????°?????????????§ó????ě??×é?¤???a??39????????????????ó????????????¤×??ňá???ě×???????????ˇ???úé????????°????????????ó??ó???°?????úé???ó??????¤?????°???y???????????????????????§??óéóú?¤×÷????????????′óá????á????×÷?ˇ?????????ü?????????ó???????????????????Y?????????ú?????úó???×é????ó????????????ˇ?????ń??ó????????????????????¤???????ě???üé????????????ě???ú?ě????×÷?ˇ???????í????????????
???????????????§?????°éí?????????-???ě???úá?????′ó?§??×ó??ˇ??§?????????°???????ú???§éú?ú?§?°????×÷?ˇ?????????ú?????????????????????ú?????????????????üé??ü???????§éúó?ˇ′?ě?????ú?ě??ě×?????ˇ?????????ˇ?????a????ó??ü?÷????
????50???°?§éú??ě????′í?????ˇ′???°?ú??é?????????????????????°ń????????éú???ú??é?????????????á??y??é????????§???????¤??é????????yˇ?????ó??ěó?ר????′ú??°′éü???????í???Y???Y?¤?ě???¨????ˇ¨???°?????ú??????????é?????????
????????????á??y?í????í??§ó?×???ě????????????????°???ü??????×????????????????????§?????????????????y?????ú?????úá??y??????ˇ?éúá????????a?????????°???ü???????-???í???????????????×?ü??
?????a????í???′ú?????????é???????¨???a???????′?????a???úé??????????§???§é???°ě???ú????°??Y?°?ˇ?????????á??á??§éú??????ě????′??ˇ???????????ó?????????????ó???????????????????ó???×?×ó?°?é??éú°×?????????ň????ó?ó????????°ó????ě???ˇ????×??ó??í????ě???-?-???a????ó???????????
?????-???ú??????????
??????óú????????????ó??yá??ú?????÷??????????′????????í????????á?????????×ó?????üá?ˇé??éú??ó?á?????????????????70?????ó???ú??ó???ˇ??÷?????é??????????ó?′óá?????ě?????????????×??í?¨????
????é????????í???Y?Y?¤??á°?????????????ú?????′é????????í???Y?????????y??′?10íň??′???é???????′ó2005????2006??10???????ú???y′?29íň??′????íéü???????????????-?????÷á÷???§éú?í???????y??????????????í¨?ń?ú??????????
???????-′ó?§?????§???????ě?ú??ó????????????°?ú?-?ú90??′ú???í?????ó??ó????üá?????????ó????????′á??????°???ú???????á??????éú?í????éúó?????°?????×÷????????ěa???????????ú2001??????×÷?y??????ˇ??§???÷?é???á??????????????é?????????????80%?????á?y??????????×÷?ˇ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????′ó??????50%??????′ó???y??????????????×????ň????????????×÷????
?????°??????ó°?ě???????ú?á?é??????í¨?ń?ú??×????????????????????????Y???Y?¤??ó??????ú??í¨???ń?ú????ó?????ס?ó???????á???ú?á??????×÷?ˇ???°?????y?????????????????á????′ó???y????
?????Y???????íí??é??????????í?????????ó???????????í??é?????????ú?é?í???ú?é???????üá?????°???????é?????????°?Q?y′??ˇ?????????????á?????úá????úíň?á??é???
?????????ń???§??°?é?óú?????×í?????×???°????????????ˇ???????????úá????-′???á?íňó?ě×??
?????ú′????°?????ń???§??°?é??ú?aˇ????ó????°??y?y??°????????????????ˇ??×üó??y????34íňě×?????ń???§??°?é???′ú???÷??í????¨?ééü??????ˇ????yá???′?óú????????°í???í??éá???úá??′???ú??íňě××óó???
?????ú???ú?????????í?′?÷???????ó?????????????????????????????é????????ě??????ú??°?????????×÷×÷?????é??ě¨í????aá???????×÷?ˇ??????ˇ??????ú??
????????í?????ˇ????????íě¨í???????????????????????????????′??′??????ó???
????(?′?′???????ú?????ü???ˇ??????????
